A BRIEF INSIGHT
An article on “A BRIEF INSIGHT INTO UN CHARTER” has been written by Mr Tapan Kumar Das, Skill Development Officer of MIES R M Law College. It is an excellent law college in Bengal. MIES R M Law College is one of the best law colleges in West Bengal, situated at Sonarpur, South Kolkata. MIES R M Law College, Kolkata has completed many years of its glorious journey in the field of law education. This is one of the best legal education providers in India.
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UN CHARTER
The UN Charter is the Constitutive Instrument of the United Nations signed on 26 June 1945. It is both a multilateral treaty and the constituent instrument of the United Nations which codifies the major principles of international relations from sovereign equality of states to the prohibition of the use of force to unite the strengths of the world to maintain human understanding and unity, international peace and security ensured by the acceptance of the principles mentioned perpetually in the preamble of the UN Charter.
Every sensible educated citizen of all individual nations of the world should have a basic clear knowledge of the UN Charter which consists of the basic aims & principles of the United Nations which have been announced in the preamble (introductory statement) to its Charter (sovereign & legislative power).
Such as “WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS” determined to save successfully the generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to humanity and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men & women and of nations large & small.”
Preamble of the UN Charter
It has been said in the Preamble of the UN Charter that these world wars have made people suffer enormous losses of both lives and properties. So the UN is determined to save the world from any further destructive war consequences. It is also assured that the UN will combat collectively against any attempt at disturbing the peace and harmony of the people of the world. The means for the achievement of the goal of the UN will be to negotiate peaceful settlement of international disputes and to take collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats against peace or acts of aggression. The Security Council, a principal organ of the UN, is assigned primary responsibility for the maintenance of world peace. It, however, works jointly with the General Assembly, another important organ of the UN.
The UN also emphasizes the aim of promoting international economic and social cooperation. The Economic and Social Council, another organ of the UN, is assigned the task of implementing these aims with the help of the General Assembly, and also that from other international specialized agencies. The UN is a social forum to protect the sovereign equality of the members, maintenance of international peace and security of the member nations, and settle international disputes. The UN, hours, guided by the charter principles, does not intervene in matters emerging within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.
Members of the UN Charter
Besides, the UN maintains some other principles. So member states shall reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, and the equal rights of people of all genders. The UN does not intervene in the inherent rights of individual or collective self-defense.
All the members of the United Nations are members of the General Assembly, the number of whom at present is 193 so far. Each state has one vote. The GA elects a president and thirteen vice presidents every year. The President will not be a representative of any of the big powers.
It also elects seven chairmen for the standing committees. The bulk work of the General Assembly is carried on by its main seven standing committees.
UN has several subsidiary organs
The General Assembly serves as an arena for general debate for the UN. It is the only primary organ of the UN where will members states are represented. For smooth functioning, the UN has several subsidiary organs, such as International Labour Organization (ILO), World Health Organisation (WHO), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Educational, Scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO), Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNDP), International Telecommunication Union (UNITU) etc.
The Secretariat of the UN is composed of a Secretary-General and his office staff. The Secretariat discharges various duties, such as supplying data for the use of the members, publication of the various resolutions and debates in the UN Journal, discrimination of news through the Public Relations Department, and conduct of scientific & other research work.
Secretary-General
The Secretary-General is chosen by the General Assembly on the recommendations of the Security Council. The general administration of the entire organization has been entrusted to him. He prepares the addendum of the General Assembly, convenes its emergent meetings, submits its proceedings, participates in its debates, and prepares the draft resolutions of the Assembly. Political functions are the chief responsibilities of the Secretary-General.
Member states retain all their prerogatives of ultimate decision-making & cooperate with the UN to the extent their national interests are enhanced rather than diminished or threatened. It is hoped that the UN will help to build gradually the human foundation for a more orderly, just, and peaceful world.
Role of India
India, a founding member of the United Nations organization in 1945, has been playing a vital role in advancing its objectives throughout history. The role of India in the UN is based on multiple spectrums for peace-keeping missions to changing global development. India’s contribution to UNO is undeniable.
India strongly supports the purpose & principles of UNO & has made significant contributions to implementing the goals of the UN Charter & the evolution of the UN’s specialized programs & agencies.
India has served, as per UN Charter, seven times in the UN Security Council as a non-permanent member & also advocated for a permanent place as in the UNO.
Through the years India has been the driving force behind many reforms of the UN like the End of colonialization and also ongoing racism in South Africa.
India’s deepening engagement under the UN Charter is based on its steadfast commitment to multilateralism & dialogue is the key to achieving shared goals according to the UN Charter.
India derives benefits under the UN Charter.
The UN provides strategic support to India to help the country achieve its aspirations to end poverty and inequality and to promote sustainable development, India is the first nation to bring up the subject of ending racism in South Africa. India is also the natural claimant for becoming the permanent member of the UN Security Council. UNO supports praises India as the world’s largest democracy. UNO appreciates India’s gesture for discussion on debate issues concerning all humans as the UNO assemblies.
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